Assessment of the relationship between the return to work and the severity of work-related upper limb injuries using the whole person impairment / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Upper limb disorders are one of the most common and important types of occupational injuries. Besides, identifying the factors influencing return to work following these injuries is essential to reduce the dimensions of the problem. In this study, we investigated the return to work and associated factors following occupational injuries leading to upper limb impairment.@*METHODS@#In this retrospective cohort study, the rate of return to work and associated factors were assessed in 256 workers with work-related upper limb injury referred to a teaching hospital from March 2011 to December 2018. The inclusion criterion was a history of occupational injury resulting in upper limb impairment, and exclusion criteria included the presence of simultaneous impairment in other organs, congenital or non-occupational limb defects as well as patients with incomplete information in their medical records. Individuals' records, including age at the time of injury, gender, date of injury, marital status, education, level of amputation and injury, whole person impairment (WPI) and physiotherapy (prescribed by the physician) were reviewed. The WPI was calculated to assess the extent of the injury. All analyzes were performed by SPSS version 25.0.@*RESULT@#The rate of return to work was 54.3%, in which 51.8% for the same job and 48.2% for a new job. The main factors associated with non-return to work were more days off work (p = 0.001), higher injury severity (p = 0.001), and dominant hand injury (p = 0.034).@*CONCLUSION@#The number of days off work, the WPI, and dominant hand injury are the most important determinant in returning to work. In addition, increased job satisfaction and support from co-workers and employers are work-related factors that can lead to an increased return to work.

State and trends of occupational health and safety in the Philippines

Introduction@#In the Philippines, industries began to recognize the importance of workers’ health after occupational safety and health were introduced in the early 1900s. Ever since, several legal bases have existed to protect the people’s welfare. However, data regarding this matter is limited in the country. @*Objective@#This paper aimed to develop a comprehensive review of occupational safety and health data, including hazard exposures and occupational diseases for various Filipino occupational groups. @*Methods@#A comprehensive analysis of the latest records and statistics from various government agencies, non-government organizations, academe, and research institutions was done. Data analysis was completed through a critical appraisal of the Philippines' current occupational health and safety regarding occupational diseases, injuries, accidents, and existing occupational health and safety policies. Data were also extracted from reviews of literature and other related research studies. Data analysis was done through a critical appraisal of the Philippines' current occupational health and safety in terms of occupational diseases, injuries, accidents, and existing occupational health and safety policies. @*Results@#Most of those working in the informal sectors do not have enough social protection in the Philippine context. Others in the same situation involve construction workers, farmers, miners, and waste or garbage pickers. Child labor was also seen to be prevalent, risking these children's health and safety. Another issue is on gender, and wherein women were found to have lesser protection than their counterparts. Among the industries present in the country, administrative and support service activities, manufacturing, wholesale and retail trade, financial and insurance activities, education except for public education, and agriculture, forestry, and fishing were seen to have a high prevalence of occupational diseases. The study has shown occupational safety and health among various occupational groups and categories, the profile of occupational diseases in Philippine industries, and the OSH programs implemented in industries. @*Conclusion@#Analysis of available data confirmed the presence of threats of unsafe and unhealthy conditions in various jobs and workplaces. To keep up with other nations, the country should strive more with its local developments.

Occupational safety, best practices, and legislative review on small-scale mining in the Philippines

Introduction@#Small-scale mining (SSM) has been in the Philippines since the early 1900s and significant contributor to the local economy. SSM has contributed 14% of the country's total Gross Domestic Product and has a revenue share of about 19 billion pesos (380 million USD). @*Objectives@#This study aims to document mining occupational safety and health in SSM in the Philippines and identify best practices among miners and communities to reduce toxic chemical use in mining. It also aims to evolve laws and legislative measures on mining in the country as the basis for more aggressive policies and programs for SSM in the Philippines. @*Methods@#The data were based on gray literature, peer-reviewed journals, databases, government statistics, and secondary literature. Data were analyzed through critical appraisal on the impacts of mining in terms of occupational safety, mining issues, hazards, and disasters, environmental and health impact, as well as documentation of best practices in mining to reduce the use of toxic chemicals, and the current laws and legislations on mining in the Philippines. @*Results@#SSM or artisanal mining is categorized as part of the informal sector of the market economy. In the Philippines, the leading types of accidents in the mines are being hit by falling objects, suffocation from chemical fumes, and crushing injuries, exposure to intense heat, poor ventilation, vibration, dust, fumes, repetitive stress injury, intense noise, manual handling (e.g., lifting) of heavy machinery, and biological and chemical hazard. Occupational illnesses include skin diseases, emphysema, chronic obstructive lung disease, and hearing loss. Due to these risks, the Philippines has adopted mercury-free mining, cyanide reduction, and green and climate-smart mining. The use of borax in recovering gold from ore instead of mercury originated in the Philippines, which is now widely known as the mercury-free gravity-borax method adopted in Africa and Asia. The Philippines also has a plethora of laws covering mining as a whole. Developmental directives include enacting specific SSM laws and regulations, including a separate set of safety rules, and decentralizing the issue and control of SSM permits and licenses through local government units. Some noted legislative measures, Presidential Decrees, and Administrative Orders have been crafted to cover the safety net, equity, safety, and health for small-scale miners, among the most vulnerable working populations. @*Discussion@#Hazards and risks have been documented in SSM in the Philippines. However, the policies, legislation, and protective measures on SSM warrant more comprehensive coverage, implementation, and provision of social safety nets. @*Conclusion@#The study concludes that mining in the Philippines continues to be a problem as it produces adverse effects on workers' health, the community, and the environment. It is crucial to ensure the health and safety of mining workers, and all players and stakeholders must fulfill their respective roles. Governments and communities need to perform their regulatory and monitoring functions dutifully to build up their capacities to benefit mining communities that contribute much to the local economy.

Evaluation of the Frequency of Occupational Hazards Among a Group of Iranian General Dentists and its Prevention Criteria

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the frequency of occupational hazards and the criteria for their prevention among Iranian dentists. Material and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 187 general dentists in Kerman. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including personal information (gender, age, marital status, condition and place and years of employment, and the average of weekly working hours) and a valid and reliable questionnaire of occupational hazards, including 24 questions about occupational hazards (6 domain) and nine questions about criteria for the prevention of the risks of dentistry. The t-test, chi-square, and linear regression were used. Results 92 (49.2%) were men. The mean and standard deviation of the score of occupational hazards was 27.04±16.21 out of 96, and the criteria of prevention were 22.00±7.28 out of 36. Regression analysis showed significant correlations between single statuses, years of occupational and type of employment, weekly work hours and occupational hazards, participation in occupational injury identification courses, and hepatitis vaccination. In addition, there were significant correlations between gender, age, weekly work hours, and preventive measures. Moreover, 3.2% of dentists were in a high-risk group and 26.2% were weak in preventive measures. Conclusion A total of 32.6% of dentists are at moderate risk of occupational hazards, and 10.7% meet the prevention criteria properly. It is recommended to hold training classes to identify occupational hazards and the criteria for their prevention among dentists.

Comportamiento de lesiones por accidente de trabajo no mortales y con incapacidad temporal, en personas afiliadas al régimen general de seguridad social en Ecuador. Análisis temporal y territorial en ocupaciones manuales de las industrias manufacturera y de construcción, 2014-2019 / Behavior of non-fatal occupational injuries with temporary disability among members of Ecuador's general social security system. Temporal and territorial analysis in manual occupations in the manufacturing and construction industry, 2014 - 2019 / Comportamento de lesões profissionais não fatais e temporariamente incapacitadas em pessoas filiadas ao sistema geral de segurança social no Equador. Análise temporal e territorial em ocupações manuais das indústrias manufatureiras e de construção, 2014-2019

El análisis de datos cuantitativos de siniestralidad laboral es importante para orientar la gestión preventiva en la República del Ecuador. Se presenta un estudio ecológico exploratorio de la incidencia de lesiones por accidente de trabajo no mortales y con incapacidad temporal, en ocupaciones manuales de las industrias manufacturera y de construcción en 23 provincias del país, para el período comprendido entre 2014 y 2019. Como fuente se utilizaron los registros oficiales de trabajadoras y trabajadores afiliados al régimen general de seguridad social. Se apli- có el programa estadístico SPSS versión 21.0 y Tableau versión 3.0; se agruparon las provincias del Ecuador en cuartiles según el valor de la tasa de incidencia de las lesiones por cada 1.000 personas afiliadas, considerando año y actividad económica. Las tasas de incidencia mues- tran patrones similares para los dos sectores económicos y un decrecimiento progresivo en el período analizado, con valores semejantes en 2019. Los valores más altos se presentan en las provincias de Azuay, Guayas, Pichincha y Tungurahua. Se concluye que existen importantes di- ferencias geográficas, lo que demanda estrategias de prevención y disminución de accidentes de trabajo con participación de los equipos interdisciplinarios relacionados, incluyendo terapeutas ocupacionales.

Analyzing quantitative data on occupational accidents is essential to guide preventive management in the Republic of Ecuador. An exploratory ecological study of the incidence of non-fatal and temporary incapacity occupational injuries in manual occupations in the manufacturing and construction industries in 23 provinces is presented for the period 2014-2019. Official registers of workers registered in the general social security system were used as a source. The statistical software SPSS version 21.0 and Tableau version 3.0 were applied; Ecuador provinces were grouped into quartiles according to the value of the incidence rate of injuries per 1,000 registered persons, considering the year and economic activity. Incidence rates show similar patterns for the two economic sectors and a progres- sive decrease over the period analyzed, with similar values in 2019. The highest values are found in Azuay, Guayas, Pichincha and Tungurahua provinces. It is concluded that there are significant geographical differences, which calls for strategies to prevent and reduce occupational accidents with the participation of related interdisciplinary teams, including occupational therapists.

A análise de dados quantitativos sobre acidentes de trabalho é importante para orientar a gestão preventiva na República do Equador. Um estudo ecológico exploratório da in- cidência de acidentes de trabalho não fatais e de invalidez temporária é apresentado em ocupações manuais nas indústrias de manufatureira e de construção em 23 províncias do país, para o período entre 2014 e 2019. Como fonte, foram utilizados os registros oficiais dos trabalhadores filiados ao regime geral de previdência social. Os programas estatísticos SPSS (versão 21.0) e Tableau (versão 3.0) foram aplicados; as províncias do Equador foram agrupadas em quartis, de acordo com o valor da taxa de incidência de lesões por 1.000 afiliados, considerando ano e atividade econômica. As taxas de incidência apresentam padrões semelhantes para os dois setores econômicos e uma diminuição progressiva no pe- ríodo analisado, com valores semelhantes em 2019. Os maiores valores encontram-se nas províncias de Azuay, Guayas, Pichincha e Tungurahua. Conclui-se que existem diferenças geográficas importantes, que demandam estratégias de prevenção e de redução dos aciden- tes de trabalho com a participação de equipes interdisciplinares relacionadas, incluindo terapeutas ocupacionais.

Current research progress on health problems and health management of E-sports players / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Electronic sports (E-sports) are series of competitive activities different from the traditional physical sports, and E-sports athlete is becoming a new profession. Along with the fast development of E-sports industry, the number of E-sports athletes increased tremendously. The early retirement of some top-ranking athletes caused by occupational injuries has aroused the societal attentions on the health problems of E-sports athletes. Facing special occupational exposure, E-sports athletes encounter different health issues comparing to the counterparts of their ages. It is necessary to scientifically identify their health hazards and common health issues, in order to conduct effective health management for this particular professional group. This review summarized global literature on health issues and health management on E-sports athletes. The research on their health issues were mainly descriptive and there was a paucity on interventional research and health management. These provide references and directions on the future health services and research on E-sports athletes.

Enfermedades, lesiones y accidentes en trabajadores de la construcción en Uruguay, período 2014-2018 / Illnesses, injuries and accidents among construction workers in Uruguay, 2014-2018

El presente trabajo se realizó en el marco de las actividades de investigación y extensión del Departamento de Salud Ocupacional de la Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República, por iniciativa de los trabajadores del sindicato único de la construcción y afines. El objetivo fue conocer el perfil de salud y enfermedad de los trabajadores del sector con el propósito de generar acciones que promuevan la salud laboral del colectivo involucrado. La investigación realizada es de carácter descriptivo a partir de fuentes secundarias. De los resultados se destacaron las enfermedades del aparato osteomioarticular, lesiones por traumatismos o envenenamiento y patologías del aparato respiratorio como principales causas de ausentismo de origen médico. La patología osteomioarticular fue la primera causa de incapacidad total y también es la primera causa de incapacidad para la tarea en el periodo estudiado. La tasa de incidencia acumulada de los accidentes en el año 2014 fue de 81,8 por 1.000 trabajadores cotizantes de la construcción, presentando una caída sostenida hasta el 2018 que alcanzó el valor de 60,2 por 1.000 trabajadores cotizantes. El tipo de accidente más frecuente observado en el periodo fueron las lesiones a esfuerzo excesivo. Con respecto a los accidentes mortales existe una caída marcada entre los años 2014 al 2016 con un ascenso progresivo en 2018. De la investigación surge como necesidad mejorar el reconocimiento de la patología profesional en el sector, profundizar las acciones en seguridad y salud con énfasis en aspectos ergonómicos de la carga física(AU)

This study was carried out under the framework of the research and outreach activities of the Department of Occupational Health of the School of Medicine of the University of the Republic, as an initiative of the workers of its single union of construction and related industries. The objective was to describe the health and disease profile of workers in the sector in order to generate actions to promote their occupational health. The study was descriptive and consisted of a secondary analysis of existing data. Musculoskeletal disorders, traumatic injuries, poisonings and respiratory illnesses were the main cause of sickness absence. Musculoskeletal disorders were the main cause of both work-related and total disability. The cumulative incidence rate of injuries in 2014 was 81.8 per 1000 dues-paying construction workers, and subsequently declined until 2018, to an incidence of 62.2 per 1000 dues-paying workers. Overexertion was the most common mechanism of injury. With respect to fatal accidents, there was a arked decline between 2014 and 2016, followed by a progressive increasein 2018. This study underscores the need to improve the recognition of occupational illness and injury in the construction and related industries sector, and to add depth to safety and health interventions, with an emphasis on ergonomic aspects of physical loads(AU)

Statistics on trends of occupational injury and related injuries in the Philippines

Introduction@#Deaths due to occupation are estimated to be around 2.3 million globally. These deaths may be accounted for as accidents and injuries related to workplaces. The latter is a common problem, especially in developing countries where manual and hazardous tasks are prevalent. @*Objective@#The study aimed to provide an updated and detailed information on the current statistics and trends of occupational injuries in the Philippines. @*Methods@#The data on occupational injuries and related injuries from 2011 to 2017 (latest data) were based on a systematic and comprehensive review of literature from different national and international sources, including scholarly journals, peer-reviewed articles, national surveys by Philippine Statistics Authority, the hospital-based recording data: Online National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (ONEISS) by the Department of Health and other reliable electronic data related to occupational injury. The latest statistics are 2017, although data were published in 2018 and 2019. @*Results@#This study obtained from the national statistics showed that there is generally a decreasing trend of occupation injuries from 2011 (46,655 cases) to 2017 (38,235 cases). However, the occupational injuries generally increased from 2011 (48,975 cases) to 2015 (20,961 cases). The most affected sector was the manufacturing industry consistently from 2011 to 2017. With regards to workdays lost, the most common cause from 2011 to 2017 is temporary incapacity. Superficial injuries and open wounds were the most common, resulting in workdays lost consistently from 2013 to 2017. For the hospital data, the top causes of occupational injuries were vehicular accidents. Open wound/lacerations, abrasions, and contusion were the most common types of injuries for the same year range. Moreover, the 20-59 years old, the working-age population, were the common victims of these injuries. Occupational injuries were also prevalent across all industry groups, including informal occupations such as workers engaged in transportation, construction, mining, and agriculture and fisheries industries. @*Conclusion@#Occupational injuries and accidents are global problems, most especially for developing countries. This study suggests that better focus should be given to workers as they are productive members of society.

Occupational injuries and psychological support in Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study / Lesiones laborales y apoyo psicológico en enfermeras chinas: un estudio transversal / Lesões ocupacionais e apoio psicológico em enfermeiras chinesas: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the occupational injuries and psychological support received by nurses and to investigate the relationship between the two. Method: This was a nation-wide cross-sectional study of nurses working across 1858 hospitals in China. Data were collected using an online structured, self-administered questionnaire between 2016 and 2017. Results: Nearly half of respondents had experienced aggressive behavior from patients or their attendants; 13.4% respondents had experienced aggressive behavior on more than three occasions. 78.96% respondents had experienced needle-stick injuries and 51.22% had experienced psychological trauma. 20.5% respondents believed that hospitals do not pay any attention to occupational safety. 86.1% respondents expressed the need for little or moderate psychological support. Nurses who had experienced aggressive behavior expressed a greater need for psychological support. Nurses working at hospitals that adequately addressed the occupational safety issues expressed the lowest need for psychological support. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of psychological stress and occupational injuries among nurses. Nursing managers need to address this issue and implement interventions to prevent and reduce injuries.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os acidentes de trabalho e o apoio psicológico recebido pelos enfermeiros e investigar a relação entre os dois. Método: Este foi um estudo transversal nacional de enfermeiras que trabalham em 1858 hospitais na China. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário online estruturado e autoaplicável entre 2016 e 2017. Resultados: Quase metade dos entrevistados experimentou comportamento agressivo por parte dos pacientes ou de seus acompanhantes; 13,4% dos entrevistados experimentaram comportamento agressivo em mais de três ocasiões. 78,96% dos entrevistados sofreram ferimentos com agulhas e 51,22% sofreram traumas psicológicos. 20,5% dos entrevistados acreditam que os hospitais não dão atenção à segurança do trabalho. 86,1% dos entrevistados expressaram a necessidade de pouco ou moderado apoio psicológico. Enfermeiros que vivenciaram comportamento agressivo expressaram maior necessidade de apoio psicológico. Os enfermeiros que trabalham em hospitais que abordam de forma adequada as questões de segurança do trabalho expressam a menor necessidade de apoio psicológico. Conclusão: Encontramos alta prevalência de estresse psicológico e lesões ocupacionais entre os enfermeiros. Os gerentes de enfermagem precisam abordar essa questão e implementar intervenções para prevenir e reduzir lesões.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las lesiones ocupacionales y el apoyo psicológico que reciben las enfermeras e investigar la relación entre ambos. Método: Este fue un estudio transversal a nivel nacional de enfermeras que trabajaban en 1858 hospitales en China. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado estructurado en línea entre 2016 y 2017. Resultados: Casi la mitad de los encuestados había experimentado un comportamiento agresivo por parte de los pacientes o sus asistentes; El 13,4% de los encuestados había experimentado un comportamiento agresivo en más de tres ocasiones. El 78,96% de los encuestados había experimentado lesiones por pinchazos de aguja y el 51,22% había experimentado un trauma psicológico. El 20,5% de los encuestados cree que los hospitales no prestan atención a la seguridad laboral. El 86,1% de los encuestados expresó la necesidad de un apoyo psicológico escaso o moderado. Las enfermeras que habían experimentado un comportamiento agresivo expresaron una mayor necesidad de apoyo psicológico. Las enfermeras que trabajan en hospitales que abordaron adecuadamente los problemas de seguridad ocupacional expresaron la menor necesidad de apoyo psicológico. Conclusión: Encontramos una alta prevalencia de estrés psicológico y lesiones ocupacionales entre enfermeras. Los gerentes de enfermería deben abordar este problema e implementar intervenciones para prevenir y reducir las lesiones.

Effect of professional certification on employees' return-to-work rate after occupational injuries in Korea: focusing on vulnerable groups

BACKGROUND@#One effective way to improve return-to-work (RTW) performance may be to convince the employer that the worker has the necessary skills. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of having a professional certification among workers injured in occupational injuries on their return to work.@*METHODS@#The Panel Study of Workers' Compensation Insurance (PSWCI) targets workers who completed medical care in 2012 after an occupational injury. The study population (n = 2000) was stratified by gender, age, region, disability grade, and rehabilitation service use. A total of 1458 workers were finally selected for this study. The effect of having a certification on RTW status was calculated with an odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals using binomial and multinomial logistic regression analyses. In the binomial logistic regression analysis, the RTW group was made up as a combination of the return to original work and the reemployment groups.@*RESULTS@#The ORs of RTW among those with a certification compared to those without certification were 1.38 (1.16-1.65) in Model 1, 1.25 (1.05-1.50) in Model 2, and 1.22 (1.01-1.47) in Model 3. Among female workers with a certification, the OR of RTW was 4.60 (2.68-7.91), that of return to original work was 3.21 (1.74-5.91), and that of reemployment was 5.85 (3.34-10.27). Among daily workers with a certification, the OR of RTW was 1.32 (1.03-1.69) and that of reemployment was 1.37 (1.07-1.76).@*CONCLUSION@#In conclusion, injured workers with a certification generally had a higher RTW rate. In particular, the RTW rate was higher among female workers and daily workers with a certification than among those without.

Incidencia y determinantes del Pie Diabético Úlceras en la ciudad de Amara / Incidence and determinants of Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Amara city

Diabetic foot infections are frequent clinical problem. Properly managed, most can be cured, but many patients needlessly undergo amputations because of improper diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study is to evaluate patients with diabetic foot ulcer and their incidences. 320 cases were taken for our study of deferent gender and age group, date of study was from January 2019 to the end of December 2019, study was done in Maysan Endocrine and Diabtology Center. Most cases were males about (59%) of young age group, most of the cases occurred in extreme weathers. Diabetic foot ulcers are preventable lesions, males at active age group more prone to develop diabetic foot lesions because they are more liable to expose to minor trauma during work. Health education for protection of diabetic patients from serious DFU complications

Factors related to turnover intentions and work-related injuries and accidents among professional caregivers: a cross-sectional questionnaire study

BACKGROUND@#The Japanese health and welfare industry has a shortage of professional caregivers, and work-related accidents and injuries among this group are therefore especially critical issues. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with turnover intentions and work-related injuries and accidents among professional caregivers in Japan.@*METHODS@#Self-report questionnaires were distributed to care workers (N = 1396) at 26 geriatric-care facilities. The questionnaire addressed basic attributes, work and organizational characteristics, wage adequacy, and intrinsic motivations for work (e.g., "being suited to caring work"). Social-relational aspects of the work environment were assessed via three subscales of the Social Capital and Ethical Climate in the Workplace instrument (i.e., "Social Capital in the Workplace," "Exclusive Workplace Climate," and "Ethical Leadership"). Dependent variables were the experience of work-related accidents or injuries in the prior year and organizational and occupational turnover intentions. We used datasets of professional caregivers for analyses.@*RESULTS@#The response rate was 68% (N = 949). Among the 667 professional caregivers, 63% were female. On multivariable logistic regression analysis for work-related accidents and injuries for each sex, those with higher scores for "being suited to caring work" were found to experience significantly fewer work-related accidents and injuries (odds ratio [OR] = 0.78, p < 0.01) among female caregivers. Male caregivers who perceived an exclusive workplace climate experienced more work-related accidents and injuries (OR = 1.61, p < 0.01). However, experience of work-related accidents and injuries did not show significant relationships with organizational and occupational turnover intentions. Additionally, "being suited to caring work" (OR = 0.73, p < 0.01) and ethical leadership (OR = 0.76, p < 0.05) were found to be negatively associated with organizational turnover intentions. "Being suited to caring work" (OR = 0.61, p < 0.01), inadequacy of wage (OR = 2.22, p < 0.05), and marital status (OR = 2.69, p < 0.01) were also associated with occupational turnover intentions of professional caregivers.@*CONCLUSIONS@#These findings highlight the need to foster intrinsic motivations for work as well as providing a supportive and ethical work environment to reduce high turnover rates and work-related injuries and accidents among professional caregivers.

Registro de dados sobre acidentes de trabalho fatais em sistemas de informação no Brasil / The recording of fatal work-related injuries in information systems in Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é identificar sistemas de informação que dispõem de dados sobre acidentes de trabalho fatais (ATF) no Brasil, descrever suas características, fluxos e barreiras para a qualidade da informação. Empregando-se o método da pesquisa documental, foram encontrados: o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), o Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS), o Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) e o Sistema do Programa Vigilância de Violência e Acidentes (VIVA) do Ministério da Saúde; o Sistema de Informação de Comunicação de Acidentes do Trabalho (Siscat) da Previdência Social; e do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego, a Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS). A falta de variáveis chave comuns limita a construção de uma base de dados única com todos os casos de ATF registrados. Dentre os vários filtros e barreiras identificados destaca-se o não reconhecimento da relação do acidente com o trabalho pelos profissionais registrantes.

Abstract This study aims to identify information systems having fatal work-related (ATF) data in Brazil, describing their characteristics, flows and barriers to information quality. Using a documental research approach, we found: the Mortality Information System (SIM), the Hospital Admission Register from the Unified Health System (SIH-SUS), the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and the Violence and Injuries Surveillance Program (VIVA) from the Health Ministry; the Work-related Injuries Reporting System (SISCAT) of the Ministry of Social Insurance; and the Annual Report of Social Information (RAIS), Ministry of Labour and Employment. A lack of key common variables limits the construction of a single database composed by all ATF recorded cases. From several barriers identified, the most relevant for data quality was the lack of work-relatedness recognition and recording, a task performed by the health team.

Epidemiological profile of farmworkers from the state of Rio de Janeiro / Perfil epidemiológico de trabajadores rurales del estado de Río de Janeiro / Perfil epidemiológico de trabalhadores rurais do estado do Rio de Janeiro

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the epidemiological profile of farmworkers exposed to pesticides in the city of Casimiro de Abreu, Rio de Janeiro State. Method: cross-sectional study, conducted through a questionnaire. The collected data were typed in spreadsheet and processed in the R software. Results: the predominance of female participants, between 40 and 60 years old, married, with some elementary education was observed. Furthermore, the family labor and the production for their own consumption and trade prevail. Herbicide is the most widely used pesticide. Most informants present poisoning symptoms, as they do not use Personal Protective Equipment nor sunscreen. Breast cancer is the most frequent in families; among the participants, 31% had hypertension and 6.4% diabetes. Conclusion: a population vulnerable to environmental and occupational risks, specially the middle-aged group and women, sets up a profile marked by regional differences.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el perfil epidemiológico de los trabajadores rurales expuestos a agrotóxicos en el municipio de Casimiro de Abreu, estado de Río de Janeiro. Método: estudio transversal, realizado por medio de un cuestionario. Los datos recolectados fueron digitados en planilla electrónica y procesados en el Programa R. Resultados: se constató predominio de participantes del sexo femenino, entre cuarenta y sesenta años, casadas, con enseñanza fundamental incompleta. Además, prevalecen la mano de obra familiar y la producción para el propio consumo y comercio. Herbicida es el agrotóxico más utilizado. La mayoría de los informantes presenta un síntoma de intoxicación, no utiliza equipo de protección individual ni protector solar. El cáncer de mama es el más frecuente en las familias; de los participantes se identificaron un 31% hipertensos y un 6,4% diabéticos. Conclusión: una población vulnerable a los riesgos ambientales y ocupacionales, con destaque para el grupo de mediana edad y del sexo femenino, configura un perfil marcado por diferencias regionales.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos trabalhadores rurais expostos a agrotóxicos no município de Casimiro de Abreu, estado do Rio de Janeiro. Método: estudo transversal, realizado por meio de questionário. Os dados coletados foram digitados em planilha eletrônica e processados no Programa R. Resultados: constatou-se predomínio de participantes do sexo feminino, entre quarenta e sessenta anos, casadas, com ensino fundamental incompleto. Ademais, prevalecem a mão de obra familiar e a produção para o próprio consumo e comércio. Herbicida é o agrotóxico mais utilizado. A maioria dos informantes apresenta sintoma de intoxicação, não utiliza Equipamento de Proteção Individual nem protetor solar. O câncer de mama é o mais frequente nas famílias; dentre os participantes identificaram-se 31% hipertensos e 6,4% diabéticos. Conclusão: uma população vulnerável aos riscos ambientais e ocupacionais, com destaque para o grupo de meia idade e do sexo feminino, configura um perfil marcado por diferenças regionais.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among industrial employees in a modern industrial region in Beijing, China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Growing industrialization of China exposes its labor population to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of MSDs in a modern industrial region of Beijing.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study included 1415 employees in six industrial companies was conducted between January 2018 and May 2018 in Fangshan district, Beijng, China. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to collect the information about MSDs. Demographic factors, lifestyle factors, health and medical factors, and work-related factors were collected as independent variables. Descriptive statistics, the chi-squared (χ) test, and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze data.@*RESULTS@#Among 1415 participants, 498 reported MSDs. The regions involved were the neck (25.16%), shoulders (17.17%), and upper back (13.29%). There was a significant statistical difference between frontline industrial workers and other staff in the prevalence of self-reported symptoms involving the shoulders (χ = 4.33, P = 0.037), wrists and hands (χ = 8.90, P = 0.003), and ankles and feet (χ = 12.88, P < 0.001). Increased age (P = 0.005, OR = 1.63; P = 0.001, OR = 2.33), a high or a low salary (P < 0.001, OR = 0.49; P < 0.001, OR = 0.30), night-shift (P = 0.027, OR = 1.46), two-week-history of illness and treatment (P = 0.004, OR = 5.60; P = 0.013, OR = 4.19), concurrent chronic diseases (P = 0.001, OR = 3.45; P = 0.092, OR = 7.81), limited access to health information (P = 0.004, OR = 0.49), and negative attitude towards seeking healthcare (P = 0.010, OR = 1.77; P = 0.009, OR = 2.75) were associated with MSDs in frontline workers. Female gender (P < 0.001, OR = 2.30), high education (P = 0.001, OR = 1.96), no exercises (P = 0.027, OR = 0.59), night-shift (P = 0.017, OR = 1.98), concurrent chronic diseases (P = 0.002, OR = 3.73; P = 0.020, OR = 13.42), limited access to health information (P = 0.013, OR = 0.53), far distance to medical institution (P = 0.009, OR = 1.83), and negative propensity (P = 0.009, OR = 1.94; P = 0.014, OR = 2.74) were associated with MSDs in other staffs.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The prevalence of MSDs among industrial employees has changed. Frontline workers had different prevalence and risk factors for MSDs compared with other employees. Negative propensity to healthcare, limited ways to obtain health knowledge, and concomitant chronic diseases were associated with MSDs. Surprisingly, highly educated and high-income employees had a higher risk of MSDs.

Analysis of the severity of occupational injuries in the mining industry using a Bayesian network / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: Occupational injuries are known to be the main adverse outcome of occupational accidents. The purpose of the current study was to identify control strategies to reduce the severity of occupational injuries in the mining industry using Bayesian network (BN) analysis.METHODS: The BN structure was created using a focus group technique. Data on 425 mining accidents was collected, and the required information was extracted. The expectation-maximization algorithm was used to estimate the conditional probability tables. Belief updating was used to determine which factors had the greatest effect on severity of accidents.RESULTS: Based on sensitivity analyses of the BN, training, type of accident, and activity type of workers were the most important factors influencing the severity of accidents. Of individual factors, workers' experience had the strongest influence on the severity of accidents.CONCLUSIONS: Among the examined factors, safety training was the most important factor influencing the severity of accidents. Organizations may be able to reduce the severity of occupational injuries by holding safety training courses prepared based on the activity type of workers.

Analysis of the severity of occupational injuries in the mining industry using a Bayesian network / 한국역학회지

OBJECTIVES: Occupational injuries are known to be the main adverse outcome of occupational accidents. The purpose of the current study was to identify control strategies to reduce the severity of occupational injuries in the mining industry using Bayesian network (BN) analysis. METHODS: The BN structure was created using a focus group technique. Data on 425 mining accidents was collected, and the required information was extracted. The expectation-maximization algorithm was used to estimate the conditional probability tables. Belief updating was used to determine which factors had the greatest effect on severity of accidents. RESULTS: Based on sensitivity analyses of the BN, training, type of accident, and activity type of workers were the most important factors influencing the severity of accidents. Of individual factors, workers’ experience had the strongest influence on the severity of accidents. CONCLUSIONS: Among the examined factors, safety training was the most important factor influencing the severity of accidents. Organizations may be able to reduce the severity of occupational injuries by holding safety training courses prepared based on the activity type of workers.

Comparison of work environment and occupational injury in direct and indirect employment in Korea and Europe

BACKGROUND: To investigate the risk of injury for indirect employment in Korea, we compared work environment, workplace exposure, and injury risk according to the type of employment contract between Korea and European Union (EU) countries. METHODS: We analyzed data of blue-collar workers from the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014) and the sixth European Working Conditions Survey (2015) and compared workplace risk factors and preventive factors for occupational injuries. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the relationship between occupational injury and the type of employment contract after adjusting for age and sex. RESULTS: For descriptive characteristics, a relatively older age, lower income, lower proportion of full-time work, greater proportion in small-sized companies, and fewer unionizations were noted in indirect employment in Korea than in direct employment. Workplace exposure was significantly higher in indirect employment in both Korea and Europe. Among safety-related factors, indirect employment in both Korea and Europe lacked the support of company education, coworkers, and supervisors. Indirectly employed blue-collar workers had a significantly higher risk of occupational injury than those directly employed in Korea (odds ratio [OR]: 1.876), whereas there was no significant difference between directly and indirectly employed workers in EU countries (OR: 1.038). CONCLUSIONS: Indirectly employed blue-collar workers have an increased risk of occupational injury in Korea.

Crashes and Traffic Signal Violations Caused by Commercial Motorcycle Couriers

BACKGROUND: Motorcycles are one of the important members of commercial transportation because of the convenient use during congested traffic conditions and the ease of parking in narrow streets. This study investigates the characteristics of crashes and traffic signal violations caused by motorcycle couriers. METHODS: From the national compensation data, this study analyzed the traffic crashes caused by 671 motorcycle couriers. RESULTS: Among 671 injured couriers, 50.6% were aged less than 40 years, 49.2% run in a small business of < 5 employees, and 47.2% had work experience of < 6 months. Motorcycle crashes occurred mainly due to “rider overturned alone” (67.5%), in the daytime (73.5%), or on cloudy or clear days (77.2%). However, the violation rate caused by motorcycle couriers was high in couriers in a small business of < 5 employees (13.9%), with work experience of < 6 months (13.9%), on cloudy or clear days (12.4%), on an intersection (29.8%), in the type of “crash with a vehicle” (31.2%), or in a death accident (35.7%). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study can be used as a baseline in devising policies for preventing crashes of motorcycle couriers.

Prevalência e fatores associados aos acidentes de trabalho em uma indústria metalmecânica / Prevalence and factors associated with work accidents in a metal-mechanic company

Introdução: Os acidentes de trabalho vitimam mais de 700 mil trabalhadores anualmente no Brasil. Dos três setores econômicos o maior responsável pelos acidentes de trabalho no país é o industrial. Dentro desse setor, a indústria metalúrgica e a metalmecânica se destacam pela proporção de afastamentos decorrentes de acidentes e agravos relacionados ao trabalho. Objetivo: Analisar os riscos ocupacionais existentes e o perfil associado aos acidentes de trabalho ocorridos em uma indústria do setor metalmecânico no período 2007 a 2015. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado em indústria a partir das análises dos dados das comunicações de acidentes de trabalho (CAT) emitidas pela empresa. Resultados: O perfil sociodemográfico e ocupacional predominante dos acidentados na indústria estudada foi o trabalhador do sexo masculino, entre 18 e 29 anos, caucasiano, casado ou em união estável, com nível superior incompleto, soldador/montador e com menos de 5 anos de serviço. As lesões mais frequentes produzidas pelos acidentes ocorridos no período estudado foram: fraturas, luxações, distensões, contusões, escoriações, cortes e amputações; e os agentes causadores mais comuns foram peças de metal. As maiores taxas de acidentes de trabalho ocorreram nos anos de 2008 e 2012, anos associados a períodos de recessão econômica que atingiram o setor metalmecânico. Conclusão: Os registros de acidentes estudados, no qual predominaram os afastamentos por mais de 15 dias, para além da indicação de um setor com perfil de riscos de acidentes graves, podem expressar uma estratégia seletiva patronal, que optou pela omissão do registro dos acidentes de menor gravidade.

Background: Work accidents affect more than 700,000 workers in Brazil each year. Among the three economic sectors, industry is the one that contributes with most work accidents in the country. Metallurgical and metal-mechanic companies stand out within this sector as a function of the frequency of leaves resulting from work-related accidents and illnesses. Objective: To analyze the occupational profile and hazards associated with work accidents at a metal-mechanic company for the period from 2007 to 2015. Methods: Cross-sectional study that analyzed data available in work accident report forms issued by the employer. Results: The sociodemographic and occupational profile predominantly associated with work accidents at the investigated company included: male gender, age 18 to 29 years old, white people, married or in stable union, with incomplete higher education, welders/assemblers and less than 5 years of work at the company. The most frequent types of injuries caused by accidents were fractures, dislocations, strains, contusions, excoriations, cuts and amputations. The most common causative agents were metal parts. The highest accident rates corresponded to 2008 and 2012, in which years economic recession hit the metal-mechanic segment. Conclusion: In addition to pointing to an economic sector with a high-risk work accident profile, the analyzed work accidents ­ the predominant consequence of which was leave for more than 15 days ­ might express a selective strategy from the company, which chose not to record less serious accidents.